Python操作Word文档：使用Python创建和编辑Word文件

使用docx库，可以执行各种任务

Docx functions

1. 文档创建和保存

2. Paragraphs and Text (段落和文本)

3. Headings （标题，可以设置几级标题）

4. Styles and Formatting （样式与格式）

5. Tables (表格操作)

6. Images(图片操作)

7. Document Properties （文档属性）

8. Sections and Page Setup （分区和页面设置）

9. Lists （列表）

就是markdown中的list,比如下面的这两个就是无序的，大标题1，2，3…就是有序的

10. Hyperlinks (超链接)

11. Document Modification （文件修改）

12. Document Reading（文档读取）

小例子

1. Installation (安装)

pip install python-docx

2. 创建一个新的word文档

创建一个包含文本、标题、表格、图像和格式的文档

1. Create a new document.（创建一个新的document 对象）
2. Add a title with centered alignment.（添加一个标题（title）并居中对齐）
3. Add a paragraph with bold and italic text.（添加带有粗体和斜体文本的段落）
4. Add a heading and a bulleted list.（添加标题(heading)和项目符号列表）
5. Add a table with custom column widths.（添加table,并自定义列宽）
6. Add an image to the document.（添加图片）
7. Save the document with the name ‘example_document.docx’.（保存文件，文件名为 example_document.docx）

from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH

# Create a new document
doc = Document()

# Add a title
title = doc.add_heading('Document Creation Example', level=1)
title.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER

# Add a paragraph with bold and italic text
paragraph = doc.add_paragraph('This is a sample document created using the python-docx library.')
run = paragraph.runs[0]
run.bold = True
run.italic = True

# Add a heading
doc.add_heading('Section 1: Introduction', level=2)

# Add a bulleted list
list_paragraph = doc.add_paragraph()
list_paragraph.add_run('Bullet 1').bold = True
list_paragraph.add_run(' - This is the first bullet point.')
list_paragraph.add_run('\n')
list_paragraph.add_run('Bullet 2').bold = True
list_paragraph.add_run(' - This is the second bullet point.')

# Add a table
doc.add_heading('Section 2: Data', level=2)
table_1 = doc.add_table(rows=1, cols=2)
table_1.style = 'Table Grid'
table_1.autofit = False
table_1.allow_autofit = False
for row in table_1.rows:
    for cell in row.cells:
        cell.width = Pt(150)
table_1.cell(0, 0).text = 'cat'
table_1.cell(0, 1).text = 'dog'

table_2 = doc.add_table(rows=3, cols=3)
table_2.style = 'Table Grid'
table_2.autofit = False
table_2.allow_autofit = False
for row in table_2.rows:
    for cell in row.cells:
        cell.width = Pt(100)
table_2.cell(0, 0).text = 'Name'
table_2.cell(0, 1).text = 'Age'
table_2.cell(0, 2).text = 'City'
for i, data in enumerate([('Alice', '25', 'New York'), ('Bob', '30', 'San Francisco'), ('Charlie', '22', 'Los Angeles')], start=0):
    print(i, data)
    table_2.cell(i, 0).text = data[0]
    table_2.cell(i, 1).text = data[1]
    table_2.cell(i, 2).text = data[2]

# Add an image
doc.add_heading('Section 3: Image', level=2)
doc.add_paragraph('Here is an image of cat:')
doc.add_picture('../imgs/cat.jpg', width=Pt(300))

# Save the document
doc.save('../word_files/example_new_document.docx')

结果（哈哈，样式有点丑，暂时忽略…）：

3. 修改现有的word文档

1. open an existing Word document (‘existing_document.docx’).( 读取一个存在的word文档)
2. Modify the text, formatting, and alignment of the first paragraph.（修改第一段的文本、格式和对齐方式）
3. Add a new heading.（添加一个新的标题）
4. Add a new paragraph with a hyperlink.（添加带有超链接的新段落）
5. Add a new table with custom column widths and data.（添加一个具有自定义列宽和数据的新表）
6. Save the modified document as ‘modified_document.docx’.（将修改后的文档另存为“modified_document.docx”）

import docx
from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Pt
from docx.enum.text import WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH

def add_hyperlink(paragraph, url, text, color, underline):
    """
    A function that places a hyperlink within a paragraph object.

    :param paragraph: The paragraph we are adding the hyperlink to.
    :param url: A string containing the required url
    :param text: The text displayed for the url
    :return: The hyperlink object
    """

    # This gets access to the document.xml.rels file and gets a new relation id value
    part = paragraph.part
    r_id = part.relate_to(url, docx.opc.constants.RELATIONSHIP_TYPE.HYPERLINK, is_external=True)

    # Create the w:hyperlink tag and add needed values
    hyperlink = docx.oxml.shared.OxmlElement('w:hyperlink')
    hyperlink.set(docx.oxml.shared.qn('r:id'), r_id, )

    # Create a w:r element
    new_run = docx.oxml.shared.OxmlElement('w:r')

    # Create a new w:rPr element
    rPr = docx.oxml.shared.OxmlElement('w:rPr')

    # Add color if it is given
    if not color is None:
      c = docx.oxml.shared.OxmlElement('w:color')
      c.set(docx.oxml.shared.qn('w:val'), color)
      rPr.append(c)

    # Remove underlining if it is requested
    if not underline:
      u = docx.oxml.shared.OxmlElement('w:u')
      u.set(docx.oxml.shared.qn('w:val'), 'none')
      rPr.append(u)

    # Join all the xml elements together add add the required text to the w:r element
    new_run.append(rPr)
    new_run.text = text
    hyperlink.append(new_run)

    paragraph._p.append(hyperlink)

    return hyperlink
# Open an existing document

doc = Document('../word_files/example_new_document.docx')

# Access the first paragraph and modify its text and formatting
first_paragraph = doc.paragraphs[0]
first_paragraph.text = 'Updated Text: 宫廷玉液酒，一百八一杯。'
run = first_paragraph.runs[0]
run.bold = True #加粗
run.italic = True #斜体
run.font.size = Pt(20) #字号
first_paragraph.alignment = WD_ALIGN_PARAGRAPH.CENTER #居中对齐

# Add a new heading
doc.add_heading('New Section', level=1)

# Add a new paragraph with a hyperlink
new_paragraph = doc.add_paragraph('Visit my bolg website: ')
hyperlink = add_hyperlink(new_paragraph,
              'https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40959890/article/details/137598605?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501',
              'Python docx：在Python中创建和操作Word文档',
              'FF8822', True)
# run = new_paragraph.add_run('Python docx：在Python中创建和操作Word文档')
# run.hyperlink.address = 'https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40959890/article/details/137598605?spm=1001.2014.3001.5501'

# Add a new table
doc.add_heading('Table Section', level=2)
table = doc.add_table(rows=4, cols=4)
table.style = 'Table Grid'
table.autofit = False
table.allow_autofit = False
for row in table.rows:
    for cell in row.cells:
        cell.width = Pt(100)
table.cell(0, 0).text = 'Name'
table.cell(0, 1).text = 'Age'
table.cell(0, 2).text = 'City'
for i, data in enumerate([('David', '128', 'London'), ('Emma', '135', 'New York'), ('John', '122', 'Los Angeles')], start=1):
    table.cell(i, 0).text = data[0]
    table.cell(i, 1).text = data[1]
    table.cell(i, 2).text = data[2]

# Save the modified document
doc.save('../word_files/example_modified_document.docx')

结果看一下（依旧很丑，哈哈，但是修改成功了）：

参考

word插入超链接
examples
python-docx文档
pypi python-docx

作者：桂花很香,旭很美