python 删除文件、目录（文件夹）

        最近使用 python 进行文件，目录的操作，实在难以相信，python 这么简单，易用的语言，竟然没有一个库很好的支持删除文件、目录（文件夹），于是把最近收集到的一些信息做下整理。

删除文件：

        Pathlib :  file_path.unlink()

        os :   os.remove(file_path)

删除目录（文件夹）：

        空目录（Path 库） ： dir_path.rmdir()

        非空目录（shutil）：shutil.rmtree(dir_to_delete)

删除文件

Pathlib

from pathlib import Path

# 定义要删除的文件路径
file_to_delete = Path('/home/python/test/file1.txt')

try:
    # 检查文件是否存在
    if file_to_delete.exists() and file_to_delete.is_file():
        # 删除文件
        file_to_delete.unlink()
        print(f"File {file_to_delete} has been deleted.")
    else:
        print(f"File {file_to_delete} does not exist or is not a file.")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"An error occurred: {e}")

os

import os

# 定义要删除的文件路径
file_to_delete = '/home/python/test/file1.txt'

try:
    # 检查文件是否存在
    if os.path.exists(file_to_delete) and os.path.isfile(file_to_delete):
        # 删除文件
        os.remove(file_to_delete)
        print(f"File {file_to_delete} has been deleted.")
    else:
        print(f"File {file_to_delete} does not exist or is not a file.")
except Exception as e:
    print(f"An error occurred: {e}")

删除目录

使用 pathlib 删除空目录

from pathlib import Path

# 定义要删除的目录路径
dir_to_delete = Path('/home/python/test/empty_dir')

# 检查目录是否存在并且是空目录
if dir_to_delete.exists() and dir_to_delete.is_dir():
    try:
        # 删除空目录
        dir_to_delete.rmdir()
        print(f"Directory {dir_to_delete} has been deleted.")
    except OSError as e:
        print(f"Error: {e}")
else:
    print(f"Directory {dir_to_delete} does not exist or is not a directory.")

使用 shutil 递归删除非空目录

import shutil
from pathlib import Path

# 定义要删除的目录路径
dir_to_delete = Path('/home/python/test/non_empty_dir')

# 检查目录是否存在并且是目录
if dir_to_delete.exists() and dir_to_delete.is_dir():
    try:
        # 递归删除目录及其所有内容
        shutil.rmtree(dir_to_delete)
        print(f"Directory {dir_to_delete} and its contents have been deleted.")
    except PermissionError as e:
        print(f"Permission error: {e}")
    except FileNotFoundError as e:
        print(f"File not found: {e}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"An unexpected error occurred: {e}")
else:
    print(f"Directory {dir_to_delete} does not exist or is not a directory.")

整合后的函数

import os
import shutil
from pathlib import Path

def delete_path(path):
    """
    删除给定的路径，可以是文件、空目录或非空目录。
    :param path: 要删除的路径（字符串或 Path 对象）
    :return: None
    """
    # 将输入转换为 Path 对象
    if not isinstance(path, Path):
        path = Path(path)
    
    try:
        if path.exists():
            if path.is_file():
                # 如果是文件，直接删除
                path.unlink()
                print(f"File {path} has been deleted.")
            elif path.is_dir():
                # 如果是目录，检查是否为空
                if any(path.iterdir()):
                    # 如果是非空目录，递归删除
                    shutil.rmtree(path)
                    print(f"Non-empty directory {path} and its contents have been deleted.")
                else:
                    # 如果是空目录，直接删除
                    path.rmdir()
                    print(f"Empty directory {path} has been deleted.")
        else:
            print(f"The path {path} does not exist.")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"An error occurred while deleting {path}: {e}")

作者：2301_78094384